A business can be properly managed globally when it is under a supply chain. When global chain, inflation has huge effect on chain profit. Another important factor the deterioration of products. Products deteriorate during storage or transportation, which badly affects each player. This study develops three-echelon model through products delivered to customers easily. In this model, one produce...

One of the important extensions of the classical resource allocation problem is integrated resource allocation and routing problem with time window (IRARPTW). IRARPTW problem focuses on the time window for the service at the demanding node with the consideration of travel time of vehicle for a varying demand-oriented multi echelon supply chain with the consideration of limitation on the number ...

The interrelationships between system components are critical to improving the performance of a complex supply chain system. Thus, any improvement or development can be carried out systemically and comprehensively. complexity coordination grows as number echelons in increases. In practice, becomes more difficult implement with echelons. Through demand information sharing, this research attempts...

I this paper, we investigate the equilibrium behavior of decentralized supply chains with competing retailers under demand uncertainty. We also design contractual arrangements between the parties that allow the decentralized chain to perform as well as a centralized one. We address these questions in the context of two-echelon supply chains with a single supplier servicing a network of (competi...

Nowadays, the citrus supply chain has been motivated by both industrial practitioners and researchers due to several real-world applications. This study considers a four-echelon citrus supply chain, consisting of gardeners, distribution centers, citrus storage, and fruit market. A Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model is formulated, which seeks to minimize the total cost and maximi...

In this paper, a two-echelon supply chain, which includes two products based on the following considerations, has been studied and the bullwhip effect is quantified. Providing a measure for bullwhip effect that enables us to analyze and reduce this phenomenon in supply chains with two products is the basic purpose of this paper. Demand of products is presented by the first order vector autoregr...

Supply chain designs are constrained by the cost-service trade-off. Cost minimization typically leads to physically efficient or lean supply chains at the expense of customer responsiveness or agility. Recently, the concept of leagility has been introduced. Research on leagility, defined as the capability of concurrently deploying the lean and agile paradigms, hinges heavily on the identificati...

Social responsibility is a key factor that could result in success and achieving great benefits for supply chains. Responsiveness and reliability are important social responsibility measures for consumers and all stakeholders that strategists and company managers should be concerned about them in long-term planning horizon. Although, presence of uncertainties as an intrinsic part of supply chai...

in this paper, we develop an inventory model for perishable items with random lifetime in a two-echelon production-distribution system. there is a manufacturer at the first stage that produces its product with a constant rate. deterioration in this stage is modeled via a two-parameter weibull distribution. at the second stage, the retailer places the order and receives the product instantly. th...