price is one of the four elements of marketing mix. one of the important decisions any business faces is select pricing strategies that can be effective in achieving company goals. pricing methods are generally divided into cost-based and value-based methods. considering that the marginal cost of information goods is zero, the pricing methods of these goods is value-based. in this study, mtn ir...

water resources are of vital human resources and of the three main elements of ecosystem. almost half of the agricultural products of the world are being produced in irrigation schemes. in today's world, the population is considerably increasing and consequently severe shortage of food threatens about two-third of the world's population. moreover, water resources are facing more serious crisis ...

Networked Infrastructure systems deliver services and/or products from point to point along the network. Demand for the services provided by such systems is typically cyclic, creating inefficiencies in capacity utilization. Congestion pricing provides incentives to shift demand from peak time periods to lower demand periods. This effectively increases the capacity of the system without the need...

This research examines the differences in price for water supply Spanish households according to type of household and region residence, which is great relevance terms equity. The analysis covers entire territory with aim establishing comparisons between regions, determining current situation various types highlighting some considerations on policy financing. evidence obtained shows how invoice...

This paper investigates the efficiency of one-component pricing mechanisms versus twocomponent pricing mechanisms. The paper deals with four pricing mechanisms used in the Internet, namely, flat rate pricing, usage-based pricing, transaction-based pricing and version-based pricing for the analysis. The objective of the paper is to evaluate and analyse the ways in which the usage-based pricing m...