this study was carried out on 1330 infants, from one to 24 months old, suffering from diarrhoea and moderate to severe dehydration who were hospitalized in bahrami childrens' hospital over a period of eleven months. fifteen percent of them had signs of shock and 36% had marasmus. nine percent of treated children required readmission to hospital within 24 hours of discharge and 8% were hospitali...

The problem of maintaining a knowledge base is substantially concerned with keeping track of rules that share common wisdom. A knowledge representation is described in which a collection of rules that are based on common wisdom are represented as a single ‘item’. For items, maintenance hazards, caused by one item being partially hidden within another, still remain. ‘Objects’ are introduced as i...

Background and Objectives: Patience and wisdom are highly respected moral virtues in Islamic culture. The former (patience) is of utmost importance in the Islamic religion and the latter (wisdom) is one of the six basic virtues both in the recent classification of positive psychologists and Islamic-Iranian culture. These moral virtues are considered important in individuals’ wellbeing and can h...

The Wisdom of Crowds is a phenomenon described in social science that suggests four criteria applicable to groups of people. It is claimed that, if these criteria are satisfied, then the aggregate decisions made by a group will often be better than those of its individual members. Inspired by this concept, we present a novel feedback framework for the cluster ensemble problem, which we call Wis...

Developing suitable frameworks and paradigms (theoretical and practical) is a challenge for all disciplines in the face of rapid technological changes. Technological advances are fundamentally changing discourse in many well-established areas of research; from advances in understanding the brain, questioning the informed wisdom of sectors of the brain, through to impacts of social networks on s...