Lexical items play a key role in both language in general and translation in particular. Likewise, equivalence is a controversial concept discussed so widely in translation studies. Some theorists deem it to be fundamental in translation theory and define translation in terms of equivalence. The aim of this study is to identify the problems of lexical gaps in two translations of Nahj al-ba...

In this paper we consider a Multi Carrier Code Division Multiplex (MC–CDM) scheme. At the receiver side the Maximum A Posteriori Symbol–by–Symbol Estimator (MAPSSE) is used for the detection of the CDM signal. Therefore the influence of the spreading factor on the overall Bit Error Rate (BER) is investigated. We concatenate the MAPSSE with the channel decoder which allows for iterative decoding...

The conceptual structure of existing software systems is often implicit or non-existing in the source code. We propose the lightweight abstraction of intentional source-code views as a means of making these conceptual structures more explicit. Based on the experience gained with two case studies, we illustrate how intentional source-code views can simplify and improve software understanding, ma...

In order to promote Conceptual-Model Programming (CMP), we set forth these CMP Articles. We hold these articles to be the defining principles for model-complete software development. In essence, this CMP manifesto asserts that programming activities are to be carried out via conceptual modeling. For applications amenable to conceptual-model designs, software developers should never need to writ...