We describe a theory of decision system adaptation in which yoked criteria shifts serve as a simple but powerful mechanism for rapidly minimizing errors without sacrificing speed. To support our theory, we implemented a connectionist model of lexical decision, wherein the state of a word perception network was “read” by a pair of decision units. The response criteria for these decision units we...

Drug-naive DBA/2 mice were trained to self-administer cocaine (40 microgram/kg/infusion) i.v. by nose poking. The number of nose-poke responses was higher in mice receiving response-contingent injections of cocaine (active group) than in yoked controls or in animals receiving response-contingent saline injections. Twenty-four hours after the training session (cocaine or saline self-administrati...

the aim of this study was to determine the interactional effects of various video shows (skilled and self-model) and feedback type on performance and learning of dart throwing skill. 90 volunteers were randomly divided into 6 groups including self-control, experimenter control and yoked feedback that received either skilled model or self-model. three groups who watched the skilled model observe...

Making learners aware of their mistakes is a frequent strategy used by practitioners; the common assumption is that doing this will ultimately lead to improvements in motor behavior. However, making someone aware of their errors, especially in front of their peers, can cause the person to feel embarrassed or ashamed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of induced shame on th...

The cyclic-adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors has been implicated in numerous forms of behavioral plasticity. We investigated CREB phosphorylation along some nodes of corticostriatal circuitry such as frontal cortex (FC) and dorsal (caudate-putamen, CPu) and ventral (nucleus accumbens, NAC) striatum in response to the contingent or no...