Most of the matter in the universe is invisible. I review the status of dark matter and describe how both the theory of galaxy formation and novel types of experimental searches are revitalizing attempts to find non-baryonic dark matter.

: Optical separate spatial dark and bright soliton pairs in steady-state case in one dimension, for a series circuit consisting of two-photon photorefractive (PR) crystal are investigated. Each crystal can be supported the spatial soliton, and at least one must be photovoltaic. The two solitons are known collectively as separate spatial soliton pairs with dark–dark, bright–dark and bright–brigh...

we investigate the growth of matter density perturbations as well as the generalized second law (gsl) of thermodynamics in the framework of f(r)-gravity. we consider a spatially flat frw universe filled with the pressureless matter and radiation which is enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon with the hawking temperature. for some viable f(r) models containing the starobinsky, hu-sawicki, exp...

objective(s):silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are used widely in bedding, water purification, tooth paste and toys. these nanoparticles can enter into the body and move into the hippocampus. the aim of this study was to investigate the neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in the adult rat hippocampus. materials and methods:12 male wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental and contro...

objective: patients with metabolic syndrome are prone to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. regarding the importance of nutritional factors in management of metabolic syndrome, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of dark chocolate consumption on serum lipid profile in patients with metabolic syndrome. materials and methods: in this randomized clinical trial, 114 patients with meta...

BACKGROUND: Increasing of oxygen consumption in fast-growing broiler chickens is associated with the more pronounced occurrence of right ventricular hypertrophy and ascites. While, rearing of susceptible chickens in dark condition could reduce the metabolic rate of birds and hence the incidence of ascites. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to investigate a comparative study on the inf...