In this paper, a cooperative algorithm to improve the orthogonal space-timefrequency block codes (OSTFBC) in frequency selective channels for 2*1, 2*2, 4*1, 4*2 MIMO-OFDM systems, is presented. The algorithm of three node, a source node, a relay node and a destination node is formed, and is implemented in two stages. During the first stage, the destination and the relay antennas receive the sym...

The speed profile of the train will be determined according to criteria such as safety, travel convenience, and the type of electric motor used for traction. Due to the passengers and cargo on the train, the electric train load is constantly changing. This will require reassigning the speed controller’s parameters of the electric train. For this purpose, the Gravitational Search optimization Al...

Hierarchical structures and uncertainty measures are two main aspects in granular computing, approximate reasoning and cognitive process. Typical hesitant fuzzy sets, as a prime extension of fuzzy sets, are more flexible to reflect the hesitance and ambiguity in knowledge representation and decision making. In this paper, we mainly investigate the hierarchical structures and uncertainty measure...

This paper develops a flexibility management framework for space logistics mission planning under uncertainty through decision rules and multistage stochastic programming. It aims to add built-in architectures in the phase of early-stage planning. The proposed integrates rule formulation into network-based optimization model. can output series generate Pareto front between expected cost (i.e., ...