aaccording to the trade-off theory, firm managers consider the transaction and precautionary motives to determine the optimal level of cash by comparing the benefits and costs of cash holdings. the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of deviation from expected optimal cash on future stock returns among irans’s listed companies (tehran stock exchange). the analyses are performed by us...

cash is a critical source for business enterprises and creating balance between available cash and the required cash is the most important factor concerning the economic viability of a business enterprise. both of the companies that do not hold enough cash or hold too much cash, face too much problems. this paper investigates the impact of deviation from the estimated optimal cash level on firm...

We perform sensitivity analysis of the classical newsvendor model. Conditions for symmetry/skewness of cost deviation (i.e., deviation of expected cost from its minimum) have been identified and its magnitude is studied by establishing a lower bound. We found the newsvendor model to be sensitive to sub-optimal ordering decisions.

Weather and climatic parameters and their impact on farming plants are one of the foremost effective factors on improvement of crop yield. The potential facilities of various regions may be determined with agroclimatic study and exploit maximally from these facilities. In order to evaluate agroclimate of colza cultivation throughout the selected substations at Hamedan Province in this current i...

Studies of the impact hypoxic or anoxic environments on both climate and ecosystems rely a detailed characterization oxygen (O2) distribution along water column. The former trivial separation between oxic conditions is now often redefined as blurry concentration range in which aerobic anaerobic processes might coexist, situ during experimental incubations. O2 concentrations such incubations hav...