Wall painting stands among the prominent art media for displaying royal themes in Qajar era. There were many murals in the palaces and buildings of that period now mostly destroyed, however descriptions or pictures of which are available in historical texts to study and observe. The royal (New Year) reception wall painting of Fath Ali Shah in Negarestan palace and that of Naser ad-Din Shah in N...

Moral motivation is an important issue in meta-ethics. Its three basic issues include the nature of moral motivation, the nature of the relationship between moral judgment and moral motivation, and the relationship between moral motivation and the nature of moral attributes. Fakhr’s views are scholastic and theological, and from the point of view of contemporary moral philosophy, a modern readi...

During the Qajar era in the Kermanshah city, as an important city and the center of the government eldest son of Naseroddin shah, Mohammad Ali Mirza has made spectacular monuments including mosques with beautiful and special decorative features. In this study, an attempt was made, focusing on two mosques Dolatshah and Haj Shhbazkhan, the most important religious monuments of this period in Kerm...

One major problem that continued to threaten the Iranian society well into early twentieth century was the spread of epidemics and infectious diseases. Even though the Iranian civilization had been around for centuries, deaths resulting from such diseases caused the population to stay at approximately six million. Qajar kings and rulers were the first to attempt to control epidemic diseases by ...

Clothing displays customs and habits of a society and can communicate with humans through its features. The type of women’s cover reflects how they are engaged in cultural and social activities. The occurrence of all-out developments in Europe during the Qajar period and Nasser-Din Shah’s trips to Europe and Iran’s relationship with the West initiated the challenges for Qajar women’s clothing. ...