The effects of climate change are growing more and evident, this is caused by the increase in CO2 emissions. Fossil fuel exhaustion need for electricity remote areas have encouraged researchers to advance develop renewable energy sector. One type clean technology vertical water turbines that low efficiency. This paper aims design simulate a novel close-ended, guided deflector improve efficiency...

Real-world document classification is an open-ended problem, rather than a close-ended problem, because the document classification domain continually evolves as the time passes. Unlike the close-ended document classification, the participants in the open-ended problem actively take part in the problem solving process. For this reason, it is important to understand the problem solver’s behavior...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needle tip design on the irrigant flow inside a prepared root canal during final irrigation with a syringe using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. METHODS A CFD model was created to simulate the irrigant flow inside a prepared root canal. Six different types of 30-G needles, three open-ended needles and three...

Studies of conceptual processing have revealed that the prefrontal cortex is implicated in close-ended, deliberate memory retrieval, especially the left ventrolateral prefrontal regions. However, much of human thought-particularly that which is characterized as creative-requires more open-ended, spontaneous memory retrieval. To explore the neural systems that support conceptual processing under...