A sensitive radioimmunoassay utilizing Staphylococcus aureus cells containing protein A as a coprecipitant was developed for the detection and quantitation of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in a variety of foods. The enterotoxins were extracted from the foods by a simple and rapid procedure. The sensitivity of the assay is 1.0 ng or less of enterotoxin per g of food.

Staphylococcal food poisoning represents the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. It is caused by oral intake of enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food. The relevance of newly described enterotoxins in outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning is controversially discussed. Although the staphylococcal enterotoxins SEG, SEI, SEM, SEN, and SEO elicit emesis in a monke...

Methods are described for the extraction and serological detection of trace amounts of enterotoxins A and B in foods incriminated in outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning. Evidence is presented for the probable applicability of the methods for the detection of unidentified enterotoxins.

Background and Objective: Bacillus cereus is responsible for several outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to replace routine culture testing, by employing PCR directly from food to detect the bacteria and its enterotoxins. Methods: In the present study, a total of 75 Kibda sandwiches, Sausage sandwiches, Luncheon chicken, Luncheon meat and shawarma sandwiche...

Three enterotoxins from the Aeromonas hydrophila diarrheal isolate SSU have been molecularly characterized in our laboratory. One of these enterotoxins is cytotoxic in nature, whereas the other two are cytotonic enterotoxins, one of them heat labile and the other heat stable. Earlier, by developing an isogenic mutant, we demonstrated the role of a cytotoxic enterotoxin in causing systemic infec...

background staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of humans in both community acquired as well as nosocomial infections. it is also among the four most common causes of food-borne illnesses. objectives this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin producing s. aureus strains in different raw meat and hamburgers in isfahan. materials and methods from august to decem...

Transmission is by the fecal-oral route. Pili (fimbriae) allow the bacteria to colonize the ileal mucosa. Cytotonic enterotoxins (encoded on plasmid or bacteriophage DNA) induce watery diarrhea. Plasmid-encoded invasion factors permit invasion of the mucosa, and plasmidor bacteriophage-encoded cytotoxic enterotoxins induce tissue damage; the presence of either of these factors induces a host in...

Food handlers, an important factor in food quality, may contain bacteria that are able to cause foodborne disease. The present study aimed to research coagulase-negative (CNS) and -positive staphylococci (CPS) in 82 food handlers, analyzing nasal and hand swabs, with identification of 62 CNS (75.6%) and 20 CPS strains (24.4%). Staphylococcal enterotoxins genes were investigated by PCR. In 20 CP...

Culture supernatant fluids from 26 (23.6%) monkey feeding test-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains, negative for enterotoxins by gel diffusion, were positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for one or more of the identified enterotoxins. Staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED) was produced by 23 (88.5%) strains, SED and SEA were produced in two strains, and SED and SEC were produced in one s...