Security is an essential social and political institution for International Relations the cornerstone of Studies. In this sense, role religion increasingly relevant, recognised as a key factor in global politics. With regard to Islam, its examination has been marked by phenomena terrorism or other revolutionary processes their direct impact on security. However, careful observation fundamental ...

As global access to the Internet increases, so does the potential for miscommunication in international online interactions (IOIs). Unfortunately, many models for examining cross-cultural communication focus on conventional (offline) interactions or settings. As a result, researchers lack a mechanism for examining how cultural factors could affect online discourse. This article presents an appr...

Ireland has featured little in development literature, being largely seen as a developed western European state far removed from the challenges facing countries throughout the so-called 'developing world'. Yet for Raymond Crotty, who has been described as 'one of Ireland's most distinguished social science scholars' (Mjøset, quoted in Coughlan, 1998: 140), Ireland was the first country to suffe...

Many studies have been conducted on the ways of promoting willingness to communicate in learners in EFL/ESL contexts. While different scholars have undertaken studies on many of these variables, few of these studies have aimed at EFL university students in Iran. This study reports on the role of international posture and perceived communication behavior on Iranian EFL learners’ communication in...

This paper describes and discusses the process of secret communication known as steganography. The argument advanced here is that terrorists are unlikely to be employing digital steganography to facilitate secret intra-group communication as has been claimed. This is because terrorist use of digital steganography is both technically and operationally implausible. The position adopted in this pa...