مقدمه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین فاکتورهای موفقیت در درمان ریشه، آماده سازی مناسب کانال ریشه و تا حد امکان حفظ ناحیه پری آپیکال، بدون تغییر می باشد. تعیین طول کارکرد صحیح، فاکتوری ضروری برای رسیدن به به این هدف می باشد. رایج ترین تکنیکهای تعیین طول کارکرد، رادیوگرافی معمولی و آپکس لوکیتورهای الکترونیکی می باشند. هدف این مطالعه و c-shape آزمایشگاهی، ارزیابی دقت آپکس لوکیتور در اندازه گیری طول کار...

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

this exploratory study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between learners’ beliefs about language learning and one of their personality traits; that is,locus of control (loc). both variables, beliefs and locus of control, are assumed to influence the language learning process. the internal control index (ici) and the beliefs about language learning inventory (balli) were administered...

the effect of learning strategies on the speaking ability of iranian students in the context of language institutes abstract language learning strategies are of the most important factors that help language learners to learn a foreign language and how they can deal with the four language skills specifically speaking skill effectively. acknowledging the great impact of learning strategies...

for several years, researchers in familiarity of efl teachers with post-method and its role in second and foreign language learners’ productions have pointed out that the opportunity to plan for a task generally develops language learners’ development (ellis, 2005). it is important to mention that the critical varies in language teaching was shown is the disappearances of the concept of method ...