OBJECTIVE Two low-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive systems (LNG-IUSs; total content 13.5 mg [average approx. 8 μg/24 hours over the first year; LNG-IUS 8] and total content 19.5 mg [average approx. 13 μg/24 hours over the first year; LNG-IUS 13]) have previously been shown to be highly effective (3-year Pearl Indices: 0.33 and 0.31, respectively), safe and well tolerated. The pres...

THIS ARTICLE DEVELOPS A FORMAL MODEL FOR COMPARING THE COST STRUCTURE OF THE TWO MAIN TRANSPORT OPTIONS FOR NATURAL GAS: liquefied natural gas (LNG) and pipelines. In particular, it evaluates how variations in the prices of natural gas and greenhouse gas emissions affect the relative cost-efficiency of these two options. Natural gas is often promoted as the most environmentally friendly of all ...

OBJECTIVE Levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been shown to treat patients with non-atypical & atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH) successfully in many western studies. Our purpose was to examine the effectiveness of LNG-IUS in the treatment of Korean women with EH. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of 12 women diagnosed with EH and treated with L...

OBJECTIVES To compare rates of unintended pregnancy, method continuation and reasons for removal among women using the 52-mg levonorgestrel (daily release 20 microg) levonorgestrel IUD (LNG-IUD) or the copper T 380A (TCu380A) intrauterine device. STUDY DESIGN This was an open-label 7-year randomized controlled trial in 20 centres, 11 of which in China. Data on 1884 women with interval inserti...

OBJECTIVE To study the recurrence of breast cancer among patients who were using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS). DESIGN A retrospective, controlled cohort analysis. SETTING Six Belgian hospitals. PATIENT(S) We identified 79 breast cancer patients who used the LNG IUS, and we selected a control group of 120 patients with no history of LNG IUS use and who were cl...

The hydrostatic compression of piezoelectric single crystals of La(3)Nb(0.5)Ga(5.5)O(14) (LNG) and La(3)Ta(0.5)Ga(5.5)O(14) (LTG) was studied at pressures of up to 23 GPa in diamond-anvil high-pressure cells using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The reflection-intensity data for LNG and LTG were collected at pressures of up to 22.8 GPa and 16.7 GPa, respectively. Both compounds sho...

Global gas markets feature two types of suppliers: piped gas and LNG exporters. Pipelines have a high degree of “asset specificity”: once built, they are physically bound to a particular route. LNG is transported by tanker, with a choice of export markets. Put simply: LNG is mobile, pipelines are not. This paper uses game-theoretic modelling to show how its commitment to serving a single market...

Iran’s vast common natural gas resources and the necessity to extract and export it as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to distances more than 3000Km opens a lucrative field for researchers to optimize LNG cycles. In this article heat integration in cryogenic cycles by determining interacycle partition temperature and optimizing refrigeration features like Subcooler, Presaturator, aftercooler, reboi...

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) shares in the global energy market is steadily increasing. One possible application of LNG is as a fuel for transportation. Stricter air pollution regulations and emission controls have made the natural gas a promising alternative to liquid petroleum fuels, especially in the case of heavy transport. However, in most LNG-fueled vehicles, the physical exergy of LNG is ...