The biological basis underlying differentiation of naive (NAI) T cells into effector (EFFE) and memory (MEM) cells is incompletely understood. Furthermore, whether NAI T cells serially differentiate into EFFE and then MEM cells (linear differentiation) or whether they concurrently differentiate into either EFFE or MEM cells (parallel differentiation) remains unresolved. We isolated NAI, EFFE, a...

depression, as a mental disorder, affects more than 300 million people of all ages every year. it is said to be associated with neuroinflammation. depression has affected women more than men. over the world, people are disabled due to depression rather than any other condition. neuroinflammation is the brain’s reaction to injury. apparently there is a link between neuroinflammation and depressi...

We hypothesize that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (METH) interact with alpha-7 nicotinic receptors (nAChR). Here we examine whether memantine (MEM), an antagonist of NMDAR and alpha-7 nAChR, prevents MDMA and METH neurotoxicity. MEM prevented both serotonergic injury induced by MDMA in rat and dopaminergic lesion by METH in mice. MEM has a better protective effect...

Every day we receive lots of information through our senses that is lost forever, because it lacked the strength or the repetition needed to generate a lasting memory. Combining the emerging Internet of Things and lifelogging sensors, we believe it is possible to build up a Digital Memory (Dig-Mem) in order to complement the fallible memory of people. This work shows how to realize the Dig-Mem ...

Effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens rely on the generation and maintenance of memory CD8 T cells (T(mem)). Hitherto, evidence has indicated that CD8 T(mem) use the common γ-chain cytokine IL-15 for their steady-state maintenance in the absence of Ag. This evidence, however, has been amassed predominantly from models of acute, systemic infections. Given that the route of infection...

The sign problem is notorious in Monte Carlo simulations of lattice QCD with the finite density, lattice field theory (LFT) with a θ term and quantum spin models. In this report, to deal with the sign problem, we apply the maximum entropy method (MEM) to LFT with the θ term and investigate to what extent the MEM is applicable to this issue. Based on this study, we also make a brief comment abou...

Optical MEMS have the potential to drastically reduce the size and cost of digital communications and computation systems. However, the multiple technologies (optical, electrical, and mechanical) utilized in optical MEM systems has led to new challenges in the creation of computer aided design tools for these systems. This paper presents a system level opto-electro-mechanical CAD tool, Chatoyan...