the multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic disease of cns leads to some dysfunctions including cognitive (working memory), mood (depression) and fatigue. in spite of previous investigations about working memory impairment in patients with ms, there are scare evidences for working memory dysfunction in mild disabled ms patients (edss

introduction: the brain renin-angiotensin system (ras) has been reported having a pathological role in age-related impairment in learning and memory. therefore, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (acei) are expected to have positive effects on memory. longtime treatment with captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) significantly attenuates the age-related impairment in learn...

Previous studies have shown that caffeine has beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in sleep deprived male rats. Therefore in the present study, we examined the effects of chronic caffeine administration on learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in the intact and ovarectomized (OVX) female rats. Two sets of animals including intact and OVX were randomly recruited...

Introduction: Memory impairment is one of the complications of diabetes which may accompany with changes in expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of intra-hippocampal injection of aminoguanidine (AG), as an antioxidant and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on passive avoidance memory and Bcl-2 family genes expression in diab...

It has been shown that brain glucose metabolism impairment, obesity, and diabetes couldlead to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Kisspeptin (KP) a G-proteincoupled receptor neuropeptide, has been suggested as a link between energy balance andreproduction. Some studies have shown that the attenuation of KP signaling decreases metabolismand energ...

iranian traditional medicine (itm) describes a kind of dementia with similar signs and symptoms of alzheimer’s disease (ad). it explains the pathology of dementia with cold intemperament of the brain, which means that the brain is colder than its healthy form. itm strategy for treatment of dementia is to heat the brain up by medical “hot” herbs. nepeta menthoides (nm) is one of these “hot” herb...

intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) in rats is followed by long-term and progressive deficits in learning, memory, and cognitive performance which is somewhat similar to sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sad). epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) could delay or slow the clinical expression of sad. therefore, the beneficial e...

objective: children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) do not process most information due to inattention and loss of the opportunity to save and retrieve information. therefore, these children experience memory impairment. although visual memory has been previously studied in children with adhd, iconic memory in these children has been less evaluated. we aimed to study the po...

It has been shown that brain glucose metabolism impairment, obesity, and diabetes couldlead to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Kisspeptin (KP) a G-proteincoupled receptor neuropeptide, has been suggested as a link between energy balance andreproduction. Some studies have shown that the attenuation of KP signaling decreases metabolismand energ...