Methods currently in use for the in-vitro measurement of the particle size distribution of aerosols from medical inhalers are reviewed with emphasis on their applicability both for product development and quality control testing and for simulation of likely performance in clinical use. Key attributes and limitations of the various techniques are identified, and consideration is also given both ...

In this paper, a new type of generalized Q-S (lag, anticipated, and complete) time-varying synchronization is defined. Adaptive Q-S (lag, anticipated, and complete) time-varying synchronization and parameters identification of uncertain delayed neural networks have been considered, where the delays are multiple time-varying delays. A novel control method is given by using the Lyapunov functiona...

The possible physical relation between the closely projected open clusters NGC 1912 (M 38) and NGC 1907 is investigated. Previous studies suggested a physical pair based on similar distances, and the present study explores in more detail the possible interaction. Spatial velocities are derived from available radial velocities and proper motions, and the past orbital motions of the clusters are ...

In this paper we present a new model for calculating the capacitance of MEMS sensor with corrugated diaphragm. In this work the effect of residual stress is considered on deflection of diaphragm and capacitance of sensor. First, a new analytical analyzes have been carried out to derive mathematic expressions for central deflection of corrugated diaphragm and its relationship with residual stres...

The twenty-first century places new demands on student learning. New times call for new literacies. We witness keen interest in “serious games” and the use of games to enhance student learning. Against this backdrop, this paper1 examines issues related to bringing game-based learning into classrooms. It is argued that the construction of students’ identity and sense of self are important but mo...

A generalized measure of market power is derived that accounts for both supply expansion by the competitive fringe and multi-market participation by the dominant firm. Traditional market power measures are shown to be biased-upward (downward) in the case of complements (substitutes). Numerical simulations suggest that this bias can be pronounced. These findings have potentially important implic...

In this paper, we propose a new ridge-type estimator called the new mixed ridge estimator (NMRE) by unifying the sample and prior information in linear measurement error model with additional stochastic linear restrictions. The new estimator is a generalization of the mixed estimator (ME) and ridge estimator (RE). The performances of this new estimator and mixed ridge estimator (MRE) against th...

Discrete-event simulation based optimization is the process of finding the optimum design of a stochastic system when the performance measure(s) could only be estimated via simulation. Randomness in simulation outputs often challenges the correct selection of the optimum. We propose an algorithm that merges Ranking and Selection procedures with a large class of random search methods for continu...