Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of autosomal recessive disorders. The most frequent one is 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Analyzing CYP21A2 gene mutations was so far not reported in Iraq. This work aims to analyze the spectrum and frequency of CYP21A2 mutations among Iraqi CAH patients. Sixty-two children were recruited from the Pediatric Endocrine Consultation Clinic, Children Welfare Te...

Background Sex assignment in infancy for patients with disorder of sex development (DSD) is a challenging problem. Some of the patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have DSD that may affect their gender identity. Objectives The study aimed to assess gender identity in patients with CAH. Methods In this study, 52 patients with CAH, including 22 prepubertal children and 30 adoles...

background. teenagers, a huge age group in developing countries, face a period with many physical, mental and social problems. appropriate health education concerning their periodic development is of importance in community health services. the present study performed a comparative assessment of subjects’ knowledge, attitude and practice, concerning puberty health programs. method. in an interv...

the age of criminal responsibility of children in the islamic penalties act has been determined as religious bulugh (puberty) nasab. according to this, criminal authorities hold girls criminally liable and punishable at 9 complete lunar years and boys at 15 complete lunar years. unfortunately, our legislator has set criminal responsibility of children based on sexual maturity; therefore, thousa...

background: precocious puberty, as early physical development and low final height might lead to psychosocial problems. objective: to evaluate etiology and clinical feature of precocious puberty in a cohort of iranian children. materials and methods: in this case-series study, 44 girls and 8 boys with precocious puberty referred to endocrine reserch centre (firouzgar), institute of endocrinolog...

During puberty a child’s body matures into the body of an adult. During this process pathological faults can occur. An early onset of puberty might, for example, cause dwarfism. Psychological stress of the patients is not negligible and should be taken into consideration in medical consultation. The following article provides soon-to-be physicians with a summary of puberty and its malfunctions,...

During puberty a child’s body matures into the body of an adult. During this process pathological faults can occur. An early onset of puberty might, for example, cause dwarfism. Psychological stress of the patients is not negligible and should be taken into consideration in medical consultation. The following article provides soon-to-be physicians with a summary of puberty and its malfunctions,...