Combustion of sulfur components of fossil fuels such as oil causes the emission of SO2 in the atmosphere and lead to the formation of acidic rain in the environment. The conventional approach for desulfurization of fossil fuels is the chemical procedure of hydrodesulfurization (HDS). However, this method has low efficiency for desulfurization of ring components of sulfur such as dibenzothio...

Fossil fuels in the transport and mobility sector can be replaced with several renewable fuels, such as renewable electricity, hydrogen and biomass-to-liquid. When these alternative fuels are used, aspects such as safeguarding supply, economic efficiency, and environmental protection must be taken into account to ensure sustainable change and to create a sustainable society. We introduce a scen...

We study the optimal transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in a neoclassical growth economy with endogenous technological progress in energy production. Technological innovations maintain a fairly constant cost of fossil fuel energy even as increased exploitation raises mining costs. Nevertheless, the economy transitions to renewable energy once energy costs escalate after about 80% ...

In December 2015 the nations of the world agreed, in principle, to limit global warming to no more than 2 ◦C above pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve this goal, recent publications have shown that (1) more than 50% of known fossil fuel reserves need to remain unused, and (2) the timing of the transition away from fossil fuels needs to achieve 50% renewable energy by 2028, an expansion o...

The energy crisis during the 1970s sparked the development of renewable energy sources and energy conservation measures. As supply eventually met demand, these programs were scaled back. Ten years later, the hazards of pollution led to work on minimisation and reversal of the environmental impact of fossil fuel extraction, transport and consumption [1]. The United States Department of Energy pr...