Legal issues + Patients’ rights under the Human Rights Act must be taken into account in decision making. + Neither patients nor relatives can demand treatment which the health care team judges to be inappropriate, but all eVorts will be made to accommodate wishes and preferences. + In England, Wales and Northern Ireland relatives and people close to the patient are not entitled in law to take ...

In this appendix we consider a procedure to assess quantitatively whether the expressive or strategic voting model is more appropriate for the state supreme court voting data used in this paper. As we remarked in the main text, for a given set of cases, the first-stage likelihood function for the votes is identical for both the expressive and strategic voting models, and in this sense the two m...

Proxy authorization makes it possible to entrust the right of signing or making decisions to other parties. This paper analyzes the basic principles and security problems of proxy authorization schemes and presents three proxy authorization schemes based on elliptic curves cryptosystem. In the first multiparty proxy authorization scheme, a group of n members can cooperate to entrust their right...

Proxy signature is a useful cryptographic primitive that allows signing right delegation. In a proxy signature scheme, an original signer can delegate his/her signing right to a proxy signer (or a group of proxy signers) who can then sign documents on behalf of the original signer. In this paper, we investigate the problem of proxy signature with revocation. The revocation of delegated signing ...