The split pickup and delivery problem is to find the shortest route that can provide delivery nodes with commodities collected from pickup nodes, subject to the vehicle load constraint. In particular, the split feature allows multiple visits to nodes and thus enables the vehicle to load or discharge an arbitrary portion of commodities along the route. This problem concerns the practical situati...

The Discrete Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (DSDVRPTW) consists of designing the optimal set of routes to serve, at least cost, a given set of customers while respecting constraints on vehicles’ capacity and customer time windows. The delivery request of a customer is discrete since it consists of several items that cannot be split further. The problem belongs to the c...

The Discrete Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (DSDVRPTW) consists of designing the optimal set of routes to serve, at least cost, a given set of customers while respecting constraints on vehicles’ capacity and customer time windows. The delivery request of a customer consists of several discrete items which cannot be split further. The problem belongs to the class of spl...

Immature embryos as a choice tissue for genetic transformation of maize have a few limitations, such as genotype dependence, time-consuming and requiring a well-equipped greenhouse for access, at any time. In the present study, the split-seed explants were used for genetic transformation of maize, B73 line. The transformation of maize split-seed explants from the inbred line B73, for resistance...

Following the occurrence of unexpected events and natural disasters, a highly important relief operation is the transferring of relief commodities from the distribution centers (CDs) to shelters. In this paper, a three-level network consisting of depot of vehicles, distribution centers and shelters has been considered for routing and scheduling of relief vehicles through introducing a multi-obj...