In this paper, we study the fixed charge transportation problem with uncertain variables. The fixed charge transportation problem has two kinds of costs: direct cost and fixed charge. The direct cost is the cost associated with each source-destination pair, and the fixed charge occurs when the transportation activity takes place in the corresponding source-destination pair. The uncertain fixed ...

In biomolecule mass spectrometry, peptides are usually ionized by an acidic solvent or matrix. It is generally accepted that the mobilization of attached protons weakens backbone bonds and facilitates peptide fragmentation. While this is often advantageous, it can lead to a multiplicity of fragment ions (both N-terminal an, bn and C-terminal yn ions). Formation of too many types of fragment ion...

This paper considers a three-stage fixed charge transportation problem regarding stochastic demand and price. The objective of the problem is to maximize the profit for supplying demands. Three kinds of costs are presented here: variable costs that are related to amount of transportation cost between a source and a destination. Fixed charge exists whenever there is a transfer from a source to a...

electrostatic potential as well as the local volume charge density are computed for a macromolecule by solving the poisson-boltzmann equation (pbe) using the finite element method (fem). as a verification, our numerical results for a one dimensional pbe, which corresponds to an infinite-length macromolecule, are compared with the existing analytical solution and good agreement is found. as a ma...

to any given H + :P ratio. If the ratio is 3 and the permittivity 20, the distance is approximately 0.3nm. Unlike the electrochemical parameters, $“+ values do not depend on a cumulative ion effect; one proton alone at the right distance from a fixed charge will be at the potential required for synthetic activity. On these terms the rate of synthesis is determined by the number of charge<harge ...