Temperature, relative humidity and overhygroscopic moisture fields in a sandstone wall provided with interior thermal insulation were calculated in order to assess the hygric performance of the retrofitted wall. Computational simulations showed that during the time period of 10 years which was subject of investigation no overhygroscopic moisture appeared in the analyzed building envelope so tha...

Indian Ocean is known as a source of moisture for southeast of Iran due to summer precipitation. In this study, in order to investigate the role of SST of Indian Ocean, and the convergence and divergence fields in the precipitation of southeast of Iran, precipitation data of five synoptic stations were used during 2000-2010, including Iranshahr, Khash, ChahBahar, Zabul, and Saravan. To investig...

Soil moisture predictability and the associated predictability of continental climate are explored as an initialvalue problem, using a coupled land–atmosphere model with prescribed ocean surface temperatures. Ensemble simulations are designed to assess the extent to which initial soil moisture fields explain variance of future predictands (soil moisture, near-surface air temperature, and precip...

This paper examines the effects of soil moisture initialization in a coupled air quality–meteorological model on temperature profiles, wind speeds, and pollutant concentrations. Three simulations, each with different initial soil moisture fields, were run. In the baseline simulation, predicted temperatures, wind speeds, and gas/aerosol pollutant concentrations accurately matched observations. I...

An adjoint sensitivity analysis of the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert scheme in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration GEOS-1 GCM with respect to perturbations in large-scale environmental fields was conducted. The response functions were defined as measures of the strength of convective cloud precipitation, the cloud-induced heating and drying (moistening) in both the instantaneous and ti...

A coupled atmospheric/land-surface model covering the conterminous United States with an associated 1-hour atmospheric data assimilation cycle, the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS), has been improved to include snow and frozen soil physics. The new aspects of the land-surface model are described in this paper, along with detailed one-dimensional (1-D) tests. These tests show that...