In this work, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are inscribed in various undoped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer optical fibres (POFs) using different types of UV lasers and inscription time and their temperature and strain sensitivities are investigated. The polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) were inscribed using two UV lasers: a continuous UV HeCd @325 nm laser and a pulsed UV K...

background: in recent years, natural products, especially natural antioxidants, play an important role in various fields. in fact, lippia citriodora is one of the medicinal plants which is cultivated in iran and it may be has potential antioxidant activity. objective: the chemical composition of lippia citriodora essential oil (lceo) has been determined. the total phenolic content and antioxida...

amodified technique is designed to prepare aligned nanofibers to challenge the existing limitations in collecting methods of nanofibers such as, thickness of collected layer, alignment and productivity of nanofibers. collecting and simultaneously heating of the aligned nanofibers were carried out by using a rotating drum fixed on top of syringe needles and applying hot air flow. this electrospi...

Capsaicin, which has been studied extensively as a treatment for itch and several chronic pain disorders, induces burning during the first week of therapy, causing a substantial percentage of patients to discontinue treatment prematurely. We examined whether pre-treatment with the topical anesthetic EMLA reduces the burning sensation induced by capsaicin and alters capsaicin effects on thermal ...

This paper presents a review of methods that improve the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from excess sludge during the anaerobic digestion process. These methods are mainly divided into two approaches. The first approach is located in the pre-treatment methods, which change the properties of the substrates, such as thermal pre-treatment, alkaline pre-treatment, microwave pre-treatment ...