Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), a hazardous and devastating disease of many species of cultured and marine fish worldwide. It caused by betanodaviruses a serious concern especially in the fry and young fish. This virus infects most of the cultured fishes causing severe mortality. Our current review focuses chiefly on recent studies performed on VN...

The individual and synergistic antiviral effects of cytokines released by infiltrating immune cells or by cells of the nervous system may play an important role in inhibiting virus spread during infections of the central nervous system (CNS). We examined the antiviral activity against the neurotropic pseudorabies virus (PRV) of interferon-y (IFN-y) and tumour necrosis factor-~ (TNF-ct), and com...

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an important economic fish that seriously threatened by various viruses. A cell line designated as ASF derived from the caudal fin tissue of was established and characterized in this study. cells grew well Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 20% fetal bovine serum at 20°C. DNA sequencing comparative analysis cytochrome B gene verified originated...

Betanodaviruses, the causal agents of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish, have bipartite, positive-sense RNA genomes. As their genomes are the smallest and simplest among viruses, betanodaviruses have been studied in detail as model viruses by using a genetic-engineering system, as has occurred with the insect alphanodaviruses, the other members of the family Nodaviridae. However, studies of...

Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), a fish nodavirus, is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis in marine fishes. The fish nodaviruses are divided into four different genotypes based on the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene. In the present study, partial coat protein genes of fish nodaviruses were expressed. This allowed the serological relationship among the differen...

Viral nervous necrosis is a viral disease caused by betanodavirus causing deaths and epidemics in wild or farmed sea fish, especially juveniles. Betanodavirus has been detected European seabass gilthead seabream Turkey. However, there are no studies on the presence of wildlife along Turkish Mediterranean coast. This study aimed to investigate fish coast characterize isolates using molecular too...