Background and purpose: Proper and efficient management of hospital wastes because of its infection potential and possession of dangerous wastes is inevitable and this goal can be achieved only when we have a good understanding of the quality and quantity of hospital wastes and enough available information about separation, collection, treatment and disposal of hospital wastes. The aim of this ...

in this thesis, a better reaction conditions for the synthesis of spirobarbiturates catalyzed by task-specific ionic liquid (2-hydroxy-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylethanaminium formate), calcium hypochlorite ca(ocl)2 or n-bromosuccinimide (nbs) in the presence of water at room temperature by ultrasonic technique is provided. the design and synthesis of spirocycles is a challenging task becaus...

Background and Objectives: Recycling is one of the best alternatives in solid wastes management.  Recycling has few benefits from the viewpoint of economics and environmental. Paper and cardboard are the valuable recyclable materials in solid wastes. The rate of paper recycling is 35% in world. The major production source of paper and cardboard wastes is private and governmental offices and org...

heteropoly acids (hpa) and their salts have advantages as catalysts which make them both economically and environmentally attractive, strong br?nsted acidity, exhibiting fast reversible multi-electron redox transformations under rather mild conditions, very high solubility in polar solvents, fairly high thermal stability in the solid states, and efficient oxidizing ability, so that they are imp...

Background and purpose: Medical wastes are amongst the main problems of solid waste management and have some serious health risks. Their management is of great importance since they could threaten human health. The aim of this study was to determine the quality, quantity and the method of medical waste disposal in Gachsaran. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in hea...

Backgrounds and Objectives: Due to having features such as toxicity, corrosiveness, ignitability, reactivity or other similar characteristics, hazardous wastes refer to the wastes that jeopardize man's health and environment. A study was required to identify the hazardous wastes in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), since it plays an important role in the development of the country's...