زمینه و هدف: در بسیاری از مطالعات پزشکی به­منظور بررسی اثر درمان­ها، متغیر پاسخ به طور مکرر در طول زمان اندازه­گیری می­شود، که به آن­ها مطالعات طولی گفته می­شود. روش تحلیل این نوع از داده­ها، تحلیل اندازه­گیری تکراری است که تنها از یک نوع ساختار همبستگی استفاده می کند و در صورتی­که این ساختار همبستگی مناسب نباشد نتایج معتبر نیست. برای رفع این مشکل، مدل­های آمیخته جایگزین مناسبی است. لذا هدف این...

 Background: Labor is a painful event and its pain is one of the most severe one. Reducing this pain, for lowering the negative effects on pregnant women and also labor progress, has always been under serious concern. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of entonox and oxygen for lowering labor pain and also its effect on the progress of labor. Methods: A randomiz...

Background & Aim: Labor pain is regarded as one of the most intolerable pains which women experience during their life. Although there are many alternatives which can effect on person;aposs response and perception to pain and suffering, the pain is felt especially more severely and longer by primogeniture. Annually thousands of selective cesarean operations are performed just because of deliver...

  H . Yazdi Moghaddam [1] , F . Rahnamai Rahsepar [2] , A . Heydari [3]         Received: 11/07/2009 Sent for Revision: 23/01/2010 Received Revised Manuscript: 20/11/2010 Accepted: 26/12/2010         Background and Objectives : Delivery is one of the greatest events in the life of a pregnant woman. Although it is considered to be a natural phenomenon, it is potentially dangerous. Entonox gas us...

Background and purpose: Pain relief is one of the major parts in midwifery. One method of medication for pain relieving in labor, is using the Entonox gas. The present study is conducted to compare the continuous and intermittent use of Entonox gas in the reduction of labor pain. Material and Methods: This study is a clinical trial conducted on 100 pregnant women hospitalized in Shahidan Mo...