In traditional applications of latent variable models, each exogenous latent variable must either have its variance parameter fixed or a loading path to a measured indicator variable fixed (either customarily to 1). Without doing so the measurement model will suffer from underidentification, thereby yielding no unique solution when estimating the parameters of interest. The choice of whether to...

The neoclassical production function assumes that economic growth depends on exogenous factors of production centred on capital, labour and technology. However, residual variables, notably social capabilities and knowledge, are neglected. This study seeks to highlight that, in fact, they are key variables for understanding the economic growth and recent structural changes of an industrial clust...

Over recent years, Bank forecasts for wage growth have been persistently too strong (Graph 1). The forecast errors have been largely the result of there being more slack in the labour market than anticipated and the decline in the terms of trade being sharper than expected.1 However, even after taking these factors into consideration, wage growth has been surprisingly low. This raises the possi...

This paper analyzes the determinants of the journey-to-work commute patterns for male teenage workers within a single local labor market: the Oakland Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. Controlling for the intervening opportunities and the intervening labor supply between a given origin and destination reduces the estimated negative effect of distance on the inter-zonal flow of labor by near...

in this article, non radial method of dynamic dea with the parallel network structure is presented and is used for calculation of relative efficiency measures when inputs and outputs do not change equally. in this model, dmu divisions under evaluation have been put together in parallel. but its dynamic structure is assumed in series. since in real applications there are undesirable inputs and o...

Dieser Beitrag thematisiert eine durchgängige und integrierte Methodik mit entsprechenden Werkzeugen für den komponentenorientierten Entwurf sowohl contentals auch applikationsorientierter Web-Anwendungen. Hierzu werden Konzepte bestehender Entwurfsmethoden um Aspekte der Metadatenmodellierung sowie der Sichtenund Navigationsmodellierung erweitert und in einem Methodenverbund bereitgestellt. Ke...

In recent years, user-supplied reviews have increased to become widely prevalent on many websites. Some reviewers (users who comment on items) provide valuable information. Others provide information many people already know. Our goal is to identify credible reviewers who provide valuable information. Twomethods can be used to measure reviewer credibility: assessing reviewers based on the conte...