Innovations in services continue to be a vital topic. Compared to product innovation, service innovation has received less attention in the literature. Studying service innovation is as important as ever especially since the world economy is shifting from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. Analytical and detailed discussion about service innovations is only beginning. This study aims...

A griculture is the dominant sector in the Gambian economy, employing about 70% of the total work force and contributing, on average, 33% of GDP. It produces about 50% of the national food supplies with only about 60% of the country’s total arable land resources currently being utilized. The sector generates approximately 40% foreign exchange earnings and provides two-thirds of total household ...

Services have been regarded as something intangible, perishable, and heterogeneous so that it is difficult to measure the quality and productivity of them. Services also have long been considered non-productive economic activities. However, considering the recent growth of service industry across the world, it is imperative to study the very nature of service and its systems in the knowledge-ba...

We provide visualizations of the architecture of the economy that are informed by theory, empirically based, and meaningful at multiple levels of analysis. The systems-based view of industry architecture disaggregates the economy into demand-based vertical sectors in which firms collaborate and compete to collectively satisfy a set of similar demands. Within vertical sectors, inter-industry rel...

This paper measures the size and structure of the U.S. information economy in 1992 and compares them with Marc Porat’s measures for 1967[4]. It also examines the magnitude and growth of the information components of the service sector over the years. The results of this study highlight the importance of information in the U.S. economy. It also documents interesting facts about the growth and co...

in the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. this lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. in this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

The transformation of modern economies into predominantly service-based economies is happening on a global scale. While services are not new, the scale and complexity of globally dispersed services are growing rapidly. These transformations are enabled by—and often dependent on—information technologies and are fueled by processes of globalization. Transformational change provides opportunities ...