A marked imbalance of the two light chain types of immunoglobulins was observed in two young male adults suffering from primary hypogammaglobulinemia and intrinsic factor-deficient pernicious anemia. In one patient, the i/A light chain ratio of serum immunoglobulins was 0.01; in the other it was approximately 6 (normal value, 1.8 ± 0.3). This light chain imbalance was found within each of the t...

This paper studies the economic foundations formaximum leverage ratio capital adequacy rules. The paper makes three contributions to the literature. First, we show how to determine the maximum leverage ratio such that the probability of insolvency is less than some predetermined quantity. Two, we show that a leverage ratio rule controls for the same risks as does a Value-at-Risk (VaR) capital a...

Is investment cash-flow sensitivity affected by a country’s capital market imperfection? We take 42 countries as our sample and collect six imperfect capital market measures (ICAM), ie., the stock market capitalization ratio, number of publicly-listed firm, stock turnover ratio, bank loan ratio, long-term debt ratio and the interest spread. Using a two-step approach, negative relationships betw...

open local energy requirements, the need for regional energy planning in the process of macro-planning can make significant energy. in this respect, the outer part of the direct effects of energy production and consumption locally effective, less energy planning processes will be huge. in this paper, the issue of continuity of energy supply, long-term access to resources and lower emissions fro...

On financial system, Bank is the most important financial intermediaries in economy. It has played a central role to the entire financial system. The bank’s capital also has played an important role on the bank risk management and governance. This study issued the function of the financial capital adequacy ratio on Bank supervision system. The article establish the multiple regression model ana...

Loading and hauling machineries are highly capital intensive equipment to procure, operate and maintain in surface mining operation. It must be borne in mind that with this huge and capital-intensive equipment, every second of its life time is absolutely important from the production and productivity point of view. As such, it is imperative to optimize the overall cycle time and speed factor of...

This paper explores the link between status-seeking and the exploitation of a common-property exhaustible resource. The extracted resource is an input in the production of a final good. The other input is man-made capital, which is a second state variable. Extraction requires efforts. Economic agents derive utility not only from absolute consumption, but also from relative consumption, because ...