Establishment of seedlings at early growth stages of crop plants as one of the most important determinants of high yield is severely affected by soil salinity. Therefore, high germination rate and vigorous early growth under saline soils is preferred. In this study 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were used to investigate the effects of three salinity concentrations including 4, 8 and ...

[1] Among countries with river basin organizations to manage their water resources, Spain’s experience is one of the longest. One of the first basin agencies established in Spain was for the Guadalquivir River in the south. A case study of that river basin and its management indicates how basin management is shaped by political economy factors such as the historical path of the agency’s evoluti...

We present models for the structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath lunar impact basins from an inversion of gravity and topographic data from the nearside of the moon. All basin models display a thinner crust and an elevated Moho beneath the central basin region compared to surrounding areas, a signature of the processes of basin excavation and mantle uplift during collapse of the transi...

The environmental requirement of the river is the amount of water to maintain natural ecological conditions and health of quality of the river water. In this study, to estimate the environmental water requirement of Karoun River, Dez, Great Karoun and Beheshtabad sub-basin (upper Karoun) using hydrological Montana method and offers based on frequency analysis of hydrological flow normally and u...

We welcome Zhang et al.’s comment on our recent paper dealing with the significance of the first geochemical and geochronological analyses of deep drill-core samples collected from the basement of the central Tarim basin (Guo et al., 2005). In their comments, Zhang et al. raised three questions with regard to our paper (1) the compatibility of our model with regional geology, (2) our interpreta...

Introduction: Impact basins provide windows into a planetary body's crustal structure and stratigraphy; however , interpreting the origin of impact basin materials requires constraints on the processes controlling basin formation and morphology. Peak-ring basins (exhibiting a rim crest and single interior ring of peaks) provide important insight into the basin-formation process, as they are tra...