in iran we already use laminate tubes only in cosmetics industry. laminate tube manufacturers via using the most modern technology of the world, faced with the laminate tube market being saturated in cosmetics industry for packaging the cosmetic creams and toothpaste. but considering the great food market and therefore laminate tube features such as beautiful packaging, ease of use for the fina...

this study investigates the strategies native english and persian speakers employ for expressing gratitude in different situations. the strategies of persian efl learners are also compared with english strategies in order to find the differences that may exist between these two languages. social status and size of imposition of the favor are social variables which are investigated in detail for...

the present study was conducted to investigate the role of summary in teaching grammar process on pre-university students. to this end, 48 male pre-university students in semnan were participants. they were math class that we called experimental group and science class as control group. in order to make sure there was no significant difference in proficiency level of two groups. a pre-test wa...

Trade Policies are one of the effective factors on the environment and performance of enterprises’ activities. The effectiveness level of such policies in the performance of enterprises, most particularly in their efficiency is influenced by the market competition. This paper tries to measure determining factors of productivity in Iran’s industries while focusing on the competitive degree withi...

In most of the developing countries, particularly in Asian countries, the initial step of electricity industry restructuring has begun by spot market design. In addition, electricity industry, all around the world, is approaching competitive markets. Meanwhile there are many unanswered questions including deregulation mechanism. In this new framework, producers are considered as private compani...

abstract target-oriented approaches to translation studies are regarded as recent theories of translation. one of the most famous theories among these approaches is descriptive translation studies presented by toury (1995). this theory gives a new dimension to translation studies and gives importance to the descriptive rather than prescriptive studies. it also identifies three sets of transla...