We examine the relation between incentive plans based on relative performance and competitive aggressiveness. Using data executive incentive-compensation contracts in large U.S. firms, we find a positive association aggressiveness peer group overlap—that is, extent to which two firms select each other as peers these plans. Our findings indicate that managers of such take more frequent well comp...

this paper investigates the problem of selecting and scheduling a set of projects among available projects. each project consists of several tasks and to perform each one some resource is required. the objective is to maximize total benefit. the paper constructs a mathematical formulation in form of mixed integer linear programming model. three effective metaheuristics in form of the imperialis...

the present study intended to look into and compare the possible effects of competitive team-based learning (ctbl) with learning together (lt) or cooperative group-based learning (cgbl) – the most popular method of cooperative learning (cl) -- on oral performance of iranian efl intermediate students. after administering the oral interview, this researcher selected a group of 40 almost homogeneo...

Taking the highly competitive markets into consideration, organizations need to be involved in activities that yield not only high performance, but also a competitive advantage. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of collaborative structure and competitive intensity in the relationship between process management and organizational performance in Shiraz Municipality. The pr...