introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (smarpex and novapex) in detecting apical perforation. materials and methods: after access cavity preparations, the working length was determined by the first examiner before and after perforation with a stereomicroscope by introducing a k-file size 10 into the canal and size 25 k-file up to the per...

introduction: the existence of sexual dimorphism in human skeletons especially skull and its medico-legal importance had long been studied [3] [2,1]. this study has investigated the existence of sexual dimorphism in cranial dimensions of nigerian population. methods: a total of 100 adult dry skulls, (78 males, 22 females) free from damage and deformity fully ossified from departments of anatomy...

in this study, incorporation of iron ion-doped natrolite nanozeolite, multi-wall carbon nanotubes into chitosan-coated glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, epinephrine, uric acid and tyrosine is studied. the results show that the combination of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and iron ion-doped natrolite zeolite causes a dramatic enhancement in the sensitivit...

manganese and cobalt concentrations in hair and nail were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (aas).the mean manganese in hair and nail were 0.54 â± 0.35mg/g and 0.68 â± 0.30mg/g while the mean cobalt in hair and nail were 0.30 â± 0.24mg/g and 0.460.37mg/g respectively. a progressive increase in cobalt concentrations in hair and nails with age indicated no significant differ...

hydrogen peroxide is an important mild oxidant which is widely used in various applications including remediation of waste waters and drinking water resources. the safe level of h2o2 residue has to be controlled through accurate and precise measurement methods. a facile spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on the reaction of iodine solution with toluidin...

a simple, reproducible and rapid gas chromatographic method for precise determination of valproic acid (vpa) in human plasma has been developed. total time for sample preparation and gc analysis is less than 45 min. after plasma protein precipitation, vpa was extracted into chloroform with suitable recovery. by using stabilwax®-da capillary gc column, a symmetrical gas chromatographic peak was ...

Forensic odontology has been a vital part in investigation and presenting any dental evidence in criminal cases, mass disasters etc. Currently it has been recognized as an important tool in sex determination as well. The current article describes various methods such as visual or clinical methods, microscopic methods and advanced methods which help in sex determination. Further, it highlights i...

sex determination is the first step in identification of dead body and hip bone or its components are reliable in sex discrimination. the present study was done to determine the applicability of some osteometric parameters of human hip bone in sex identification. sixteen different variables for the anterior border of 50 human hip bones from a skeletal collection were studied. statistically sign...

background and aims. tooth development is widely used in determining age and state of maturity. dental age is of high importance in forensic and pediatric dentistry and also orthodontic treatment planning .the aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of four radiographic age estimation methods. materials and methods. orthopantomographic images of 537 healthy children (age: 3.9-14.5 years o...