The impact of model microphysics on the relationships among hydrometeor profiles, latent heating, and derived satellite microwave brightness temperatures TB have been examined using a nonhydrostatic, adaptive-grid cloud model to simulate a mesoscale convective system over water. Two microphysical schemes (each employing three-ice bulk parameterizations) were tested for two different assumptions...

[1] Using large-eddy simulations (LESs) of six observed boundary layer cases as benchmark data sets, we diagnosed vertical velocity as the sum of the grid-mean (w) and the subgrid-scale w using an empirical method we have developed. We have found that the subgrid-scale w is best characterized by the root-mean square of w02. The vertical velocity is expressed in the form of w = w + c ffiffiffiff...

lightning is a characteristic of severe weather and often associated with hail and heavy rainfall. it is a natural hazard with potential threat to human life and considerable damages to aviation structures. therefore, lightning prediction is critical and the real-time lightning detection systems are able to determine the location of cloud-to-ground (cg) lightning strikes accurately.generally ma...

this article deals with the study of the two-dimensional mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) boundary layer of stagnation-point flow over a stretching vertical plate in porous medium filled with a nanofluid. the model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of brownian motion and thermophoresis in the presence of thermal radiation. the skin-friction coefficient, nusselt number an...

upwelling areas in the ocean are important places for fishing as nutrients can be transported from deeper area to the near surface region. in this study, the upwelling in the eastern coastal area of the caspian sea for 2004 was studied using coherens, a three-dimensional ocean model. in order to simulate the circulation in the caspian sea, the gridded fields were chosen as 0.046 × 0.046 degrees...

the evaluation and control of the trains induced vibrations needs even more attention in the case of underground tracks which passes near to monuments and historical sites. the rail corrugations which occur due to the wheels’ impulse loads during the operation period of underground railway tracks, usually amplify the ground borne noise and vibration. in the current study, the mentioned phenomen...