Routing in MANET is different from routing in wired network. One way to reduce routing overhead is to divide the network into clusters. Clustering of nodes into groups efficiently minimizes routing traffic overhead. Several algorithms have been proposed by researchers for formation of clusters and election of cluster heads. Most of the algorithms consider only one performance factor such as nod...

Today is an era of wireless communication systems. The day is not so far when the whole distributed system of the world will goes wireless. Leader in a distributed system plays a vital role in various computing environments like wireless networks etc. The main focus of researchers is on electing a new leader with lesser time consumption and with transmitting minimum number of messages in the ne...

Niemi (1969) proposed a simple measure of the cohesiveness of a group of n voters’ preferences that reflects the proximity of their preferences to single-peakedness. For three candidate elections, this measure, k, reduces to the minimum number of voters who rank one of the candidates as being least preferred. The current study develops closed form representations for the conditional probability...

Nearly all verifiable e-voting schemes require trustworthy authorities to perform the tallying operations. An exception is the DRE-i system which removes this requirement by pre-computing all encrypted ballots before the election using random factors that will later cancel out and allow the public to verify the tally after the election. While the removal of tallying authorities significantly si...

Multiple Neural Network modules cooperating in taking a classification decision are modeled as multiple voters electing one candidate in a single ballot election assuming the availability of votes’ preferences and intensities. All modules are considered candidates and, in the same time, voters. Voting bids are the output-activations of the modules forming the Cooperative Modular structure. Diff...

The result of a referendum delivers a signi…cant amount of information about social preferences to each composite member of the society. This paper argues that, beyond this obvious fact, the choice not to o¤er a referendum by an authority, although permitted to do so, may enhance as well the information individuals posses about social preferences. The addition of a referendum option in the rule...

The result of a referendum delivers a signi…cant amount of information about social preferences to each composite member of the society. This paper argues that, beyond this obvious fact, the choice not to o¤er a referendum by an authority, although permitted to do so, may enhance as well the information individuals posses about social preferences. The addition of a referendum option in the rule...

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), cluster based methods are well known with special advantage of scalability and efficient communication. In this case, the entire network is divided into clusters and in each cluster a cluster head node is selected, normally based on maximum residual energy. But there are other parameters which must be considered for electing cluster head for prolonged lifetime...

The article describes the election system of rural akims in Republic Kazakhstan since 2021 and examines technologies pre-election campaigning from point view electing village akims. During elections akims, main attention is paid to need agitate electoral scientific novelty lies study problems activities leaders process.The authors argue that direct are a very important event, marking completely...