A packet dropping and message tampering attack contains data which routed between source and destination. Packet dropping attack happens accidently or deliberately on network or packet switching network. Message tampering attack causes measure problem in message transmission activity, due to unauthorized party tampered message and can change message contains so it hard to detect that tampered m...

This paper identifies the dilemma faced by the stakeholders of existing buildings in regards to a decision making process for energy retrofitting. This paper also identifies the missing stage viewed as the “integrity audit “which can lead to substantial savings in the area of building operation. The methodology is centered on identifying energy waste first, reducing the overall peak electrical ...

Clinical Audit (CA) has been recognized as a useful tool for tool for improving service delivery, clinical governance, and the education and performance of the dental team. This study develops the discussion by investigating its use as an educational tool within UK Dental Foundation Training (DFT). The aim was to investigate the views of Foundation Dentists (FDs) and Training Programme Director...

the results of audit provide feedback about the extent of human resources management participation in the realization of the strategic objectives of organization for management. human resource management audit indicates to what extent human resources management performance is in the direction of productivity improvement. the aim of this article is study of different amount of organizational pro...

this study investigates relation between accruals quality and auditor selection in the listed firms of tehran stock exchange (tse) during a five-year period from 2007 to 2011.  using correlation method and logistic regression technique, the results of this study indicate that client size, management change and accruals quality impact on selection of the big audit firms.  the results of this res...