-An analysis of toughening of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) due to dilatational transformation is presented in this paper. Transformation toughening of Mg-PSZ is attributed to the stress-induced phase transformation of tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic structure in the neighborhood of a macro-crack tip. A rate (incremental) type constitutive model is developed, using a microme...

abstract: in this paper, a new population-based search called the bees algorithm (ba) is presented to estimate the time-dependent heat transfer coefficient and the corresponding heat flux at the boundaries of a two-dimensional body subjected to transient heat conduction, using the temperature measurements at discrete nodal locations on the boundaries, where heat flux is specified as the boundar...

The study presents selected elements of a design method for renewable energy system based on photovoltaic technology. main problems involved in the so called 500kW farm are discussed. Examples few general concepts systems presented. Exemplary criteria concept selection proposed. components to be used presented, and some stages characterized.

analysis of the stresses, displacements, and horizontal strains of the ground subsidence due to underground excavation in rocks can be accomplished by means of a hybridized higher order indirect boundary element/finite difference (be/fd) formulation. a semi-infinite displacement discontinuity field is discretized (numerically) using the cubic displacement discontinuity elements (i.e. each highe...

The cracking elements method (CEM) is a novel numerical approach for simulating fracture of quasi-brittle materials. This method is built in the framework of conventional finite element method (FEM) based on standard Galerkin approximation, which models the cracks with disconnected cracking segments. The orientation of propagating cracks is determined by local criteria and no explicit or implic...