There is little if any research that explicitly models or tests the positive effects of temporary high interest rates as a signal of the resolve of a central banker to maintain or strengthen the value of the currency. Does an increase in interest rate defend the value of a currency? A (one-shot) sharp increase does. In this paper, we start with a game-theoretical model in which a monetary autho...

The trophy hunting industry in Tanzania plays a significant role wildlife conservation as well economic and community development. Trophy has been conducted Rungwa Game Reserve (RGR) for several decades; however, the opinions from local communities living adjacent to reserve are not documented. This study aimed assess awareness attitudes of Reserves toward hunting. Furthermore, assessed factors...

Marine reserves are promoted as an effective supplement to traditional fishery management techniques of harvest quotas and effort limitation. However, quantitative fishery models have ignored the impact of noncompliance (poaching). Here we link a model of a harvested fish population to a game-theoretic representation of fisherman behavior to quantify the effect of poaching on fishery yield and ...

Many animals gain benefits from living in groups, such as a dilution in predation risk when they are closely aggregated (referred to as the 'selfish herd'). Game theory has been used to predict many properties of groups (such as the expected group size), but little is known about the proximate mechanisms by which animals achieve these predicted properties. We explore a possible proximate mechan...

Hunting is one of the human activities that directly affect wildlife and has received increasing attention given its socioeconomic dimensions. Most studies have been conducted on coastal and wetland areas and showed that hunting activity can greatly affect bird behaviour and distribution. Hunting-free reserves for game species are zones where birds find an area of reduced disturbance. We evalua...

Pressure on ancillary reserves, i.e.frequency preserving, in power systems has significantly mounted due to the recent generalized increase of the fraction of (highly fluctuating) wind and solar energy sources in grid generation mixes. The energy storage associated with millions of individual customer electric thermal (heating-cooling) loads is considered as a tool for smoothing power demand/ge...

Faecal analysis of diet in free-ranging mammals can provide insight into local habitat conditions by reflecting the resources actually utilized. Here we used stable light isotope analysis of faeces to qualify, as well as quantify, certain aspects of mammal food selection in a recovering, nutrient-poor, savanna habitat in the Waterberg. Stable carbon isotope ratios in faeces reflect proportions ...

In an economy with a fixed exchange rate regime that suffers an adverse shock, we study the delay strategies of speculators that may trigger an endogenous devaluation before it occurs exogenously. The game played by the speculators has a unique symmetric Nash equilibrium which is a strongly rational expectation equilibrium. A higher uncertainty about the initial level of reserves of the Central...