Memorizing the whole set of graphemes is generally accepted as the first step of learning a phonogramic language. However, it is demanding for L2 learners to familiarize the whole inventory of graphemes in advance if the language has a relatively large inventory size. We propose that learning a subset of graphemes would largely enhance the learning efficiency by reducing the memory burden. With...

this article introduces the notions of functional space and concept as a way of knowledge representation and abstraction for reinforcement learning agents. these definitions are used as a tool of knowledge transfer among agents. the agents are assumed to be heterogeneous; they have different state spaces but share a same dynamic, reward and action space. in other words, the agents are assumed t...

We consider preventive transshipments between two stores in a decentralized system with two demand subperiods. Replenishment orders are made before the first subperiod, and the stores may make transshipments to one another between the subperiods. We prove that the transshipment decision has a dominant strategy, called a control-band conserving transfer policy, under which each store chooses a q...

the present study aimed at determining the relationship between learning styles and the effect of random and blocked practices on learning of badminton serve skills.  in this quasi-experimental study, 48 female high school students were randomly placed in four groups: 1. convergent learning style with random practice, 2. convergent learning style with blocked practice, 3. divergent learning sty...

objective(s): crocin influences many biological functions including memory and learning. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of crocin on learning and memory impairments in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats. materials and methods: diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of streptozotocin (stz, 45 mg/kg). transfer latency (tl) paradigm in elevated plus-maze ...

The common belief is that using Reinforcement Learning methods (RL) with bootstrapping gives better results than without. However, inclusion of bootstrapping increases the complexity of the RL implementation and requires significant effort. This study investigates whether inclusion of bootstrapping is worth the effort when applying RL to inventory problems. Specifically, we investigate bootstra...

Transfer learning can address the tasks of unlabeled data in target domain by leveraging plenty labeled from a different but related source domain. A core issue transfer is to learn shared feature space where distributions two domains are matched. This process be named as representation (TRL). Feature transformation methods crucial ensure success TRL. The most commonly used method TRL kernel-ba...

the aim of this study was to compare the performance of analogy (implicit),explicit and discovery learning in the retention and transfer of a topspin shot underpsychological pressure. for this purpose, 36 volunteer high school students wererandomly allocated to three treatment conditions: explicit, analogy, and discoverylearning. after performing 300 trials in the acquisition phase, an immediat...