The growth in e-commerce has been accompanied by a large number of disputes related to the online commercial interactions causing high litigation expenses and outstanding delays during the decision process. The distinct of such disputes in e-commerce have also led to the growth of online dispute resolution mechanisms, popularly known as ODR. In this paper, we provide an exploratory understandin...

Abstract In the context of ongoing debates concerning reform investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism, this article critiques widely-accepted approach that seeks to fit international human rights law (IHRL) into existing structure ISDS and argues IHRL should at least be treated as ‘primus inter pares’ vis-à-vis investment law. Testing on touchstone equality, non-discrimination, an eff...

Hyperspectral imaging systems used in plant science or agriculture often have suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio in the blue region (400-500 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. Typically there are two principal reasons for this effect, the low sensitivity of the imaging sensor and the low amount of light available from the illuminating source. In plant science, the blue region contains relevant ...

Colour harmony plays an important role in fine arts, architecture and design. But it can be also important to describe the quality of light sources: the distortion of perceived colour harmony of a set of colour samples under a light source can be a relevant factor by ranking the perceived colour quality of different light sources. In an earlier experimental study[1], we came to the conclusion t...

During the past decade, researchers have commonly employed one of two sets of interstate dyads as the population of cases in quantitative analyses of international conflict, either “all dyads” or “politically relevant dyads.” The main argument against using the “all dyads” set is that includes many dyads where there is no chance of conflict, and so analysts using this set are examining many pai...