Availability analysis is an effective approach to studying energy conversion in systems and identifying inefficiency. In the present study, a single-zone model was used to examine energy performance parameters and heat release rates. The governing equation of availability analysis was applied in the model, and the possibility of using biodiesel produced from sunflower oil as diesel engine was i...

It is a well known fact that, dual fuel engines at part loads, inevitably suffer lower thermal efficiency, higher carbon monoxide and unburned fuel emission. The work in this paper is to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (diesel-gas) engine at part loads, using a single zone combustion model with detailed chemical kinetics for combustion of natural gas fuel. The authors deve...

This paper formulates a mathematical model for the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP), incorporating bi-fuel (natural gas and gasoline) pickup trucks in a mixed vehicle fleet. The objective is to minimize overall costs relating to service (earliness and tardiness), transportation (fixed, variable and fuel), and carbon emissions. To reflect a real-world situation, the study considers: (1) a co...

the present study is concerned with measuring and simulating soot formation and combustion in turbulent liquid fuel spray flames. soot concentrations inside the combustor are measured by filter paper technique. the simulation is based on the solution of the fully-coupled conservation equations for turbulent flow, chemical species kinetic modeling, fuel droplet evaporation and combustion and soo...

Fire behaviour models are used to assess the potential characteristics of wildland fires such as rates of spread, fireline intensity and flame length. These calculations help support fire management strategies while keeping fireline personnel safe. Live fuel moisture is an important component of fire behaviour models but the sensitivity of existing models to live fuel moisture has not been thor...

Understanding the fire prediction capabilities of fuel models is vital to forest fire management. Various fuel models have been developed in the Great Xing'an Mountains in Northeast China. However, the performances of these fuel models have not been tested for historical occurrences of wildfires. Consequently, the applicability of these models requires further investigation. Thus, this paper ai...

There are several obstacles to the commercialization of PEM fuel cells.  One of the reasons is that the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the reformatted fuel, even at a very small scale, decreases the fuel cell performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of CO in reformatted fuel on PEM fuel cell performance. For this purpose, a steady state, one-dimensional and non-isoth...

Increasing the use of fossil fuels is with severe environmental and economic problems, bringing more attention to alternative fuels. The compressed natural gas (CNG), as an alternative fuel, offers many more benefits than gasoline or diesel fuel such as cost-effectiveness, lower pollution, better performance, and lower maintenance costs. Gas stations location and the number of gas stations are ...

This paper analyzes the dynamics of U.S. automobile gasoline consumption since 1975. Using background literature on the history of domestic fuel economy and energy policy, I establish a conceptual model that explains historical trends in adoption of increased fuel economy. I then create a system dynamics simulation model to understand the relationship between increased fuel economy standards an...