the interaction between the solute and the solsent molecules play a crucial role in understanding the various molecular processes involved in chemistry and biochemistry, so in this work the potential energy of active site of azurin have been calculated in solvent by the monte carlo simulation. in this paper we present quantitative results of monte carlo calculations of potential energies of ...

? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? Monte/ Berg/ ???? ?? ?????????? ???????????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????? ???? ? ???????????-???????????? ???????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????-?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????????? ???...

for superficial lesions, the electrons may be used for radiation therapy. the high energy photons and electrons are produced by a linear accelerator (linac).   many of electron fields need the shielding of normal or critical organs. the electron shields are usually lead slabs with few millimeter thickness which should be placed near the skin, less than 1 centimeter away from skin. in the inspec...

introduction after the publication of task group number 43 dose calculation formalism by the american association of physicists in medicine (aapm), this method has been known as the most common dose calculation method in brachytherapy treatment planning. in this formalism, the water phantom is introduced as the reference dosimetry phantom, while the attenuation coefficient of the sources in the...

Introduction: Monte Carlo calculation method is considered to be the most accurate method for dose calculation in radiotherapy. The purpose of this research is comparison between 6 MV Primus LINAC simulation output with commissioning data using EGSnrc and build a Monte Carlo geometry of 6 MV Primus LINAC as realistically as possible. The BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc (EGSnrc package) M...

this paper investigates the radiative absorptivity of a spherical cavity by using monte carlo techniques. several parameters such as the angle of incoming radiation which inters the cavity for both diffuse wall cavity and specular wall cavity has been  investigated. the absorptivity of a spherical cavity has been calculated and compared with the exact values when the angle of incoming radiation...

Background: Palladium-103 (103Pd) is a brachytherapy source for cancer treatment. The Monte Carlo codes are usually applied for dose distribution and effect of shieldings. Monte Carlo calculation of dose distribution in water phantom due to a MED3633 103Pd source is presented in this work. Materials and Methods: The dose distribution around the 103Pd Model MED3633 located in the center of 30×...

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation was applied to investigation of kinetics and mechanism of oxalic acid degradation by direct and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation. La-containing perovskites including LaFeO3, LaNiO3, LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 was studied as catalyst for oxalic acid ozonation. The reaction kinetic mechanisms of each abovementioned catalytic systems has been achieved. The rate constants val...

this paper proposes a hybrid method to find cumulative distribution function (cdf) of completion time of gert-type networks (gtn) which have no loop and have only exclusive-or nodes. proposed method is cre-ated by combining an analytical transformation with gaussian quadrature formula. also the combined crude monte carlo simulation and combined conditional monte carlo simulation are developed a...

introduction: in recent decades, several monte carlo codes have been introduced for research and medical applications. these methods provide both accurate and detailed calculation of particle transport from linear accelerators. the main drawback of monte carlo techniques is the extremely long computing time that is required in order to obtain a dose distribution with good statistical accuracy. ...