In this paper, a new hybrid routing protocol is presented for low power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The new system uses an integrated piezoelectric energy harvester to increase the network lifetime. Power dissipation is one of the most important factors affecting lifetime of a WSN. An innovative cluster head selection technique using Cuckoo optimization algorithm has been used in the desig...

A sensor network is made up of a large number of sensors with limited energy. Sensors collect environmental data then send them to the sink. Energy efficiency and thereby increasing the lifetime of sensor networks is important. Direct transfer of the data from each node to the central station will increase energy consumption. Previous research has shown that the organization of nodes in cluster...

It is very difficult and expensive to replace sensor node battery in wireless sensor network in many critical conditions such as bridge supervising, resource exploration in hostile locations, and wildlife safety, etc. The natural choice in such situations is to maximize network lifetime. One such approach is to divide the sensing area of wireless sensor network into clusters to achieve high ene...

We calculate the lifetime of deuteron from dimension-six quark operators that violate baryon number by one unit. construct an effective field theory for $|\Delta B|=1$ interactions give rise to nucleon and $\Delta B=1$ decay in a systematic expansion. show up including next-to-leading order rate is given sum rates free proton neutron. The first nuclear correction expected contribute at few-perc...

Network throughput and energy conservation are two conflicting important performance metrics for wireless sensor networks. Since these two objectives are in conflict with each other, it is difficult to achieve them simultaneously. In this paper, a joint duty cycle scheduling and energy aware routing approach is proposed based on evolutionary game theory which is called DREG. Making a trade-off ...

Clustering provides an effective method for improving the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we study that different number of clusters leads to different network performance on the energy consumption, energy balancing and network lifetime. We propose an Energy-Efficient Multi-hop Hierarchical Routing Protocol (MHRP) for wireless sensor networks to enhance the networ...