This paper studies the effects of central bank credibility on nominal interest rate and output gap on 17 inflation targeting (IT) developing countries using Instrument Variables (IV) over a period that spans 24 years (1996-2019). In the first stage, using new Keynesian model is obtained “Credibility loss” index to measure the importance of central bank past performance and its deviation from it...

abstract biometric access control is an automatic system that intelligently provides the access of special actions to predefined individuals. it may use one or more unique features of humans, like fingerprint, iris, gesture, 2d and 3d face images. 2d face image is one of the important features with useful and reliable information for recognition of individuals and systems based on this ...

in one pole of the continuum of language learning, theoreticians and practitioners traditionally consider english as english as a second language or english as a foreign language. however, in the other pole of this continuum where english is thought of as the most effective tool for international communication, it is referred to as a lingua franca. those who favor an approach to english growing...

With respect to targeting high economic growth rate and lack of financial resources, identifying key sectors and measuring inter-sectoral interactions in in the economy is becoming increasingly important. There is no doubt that the electricity sector in the economy plays a vital role in the development of other sub-sectors and it is expected that there will be a positive relationship between th...

the purpose of the present study was to see which one of the two instruction-processing instruction (pi) and meaningful output based instruction (mobi) accompanied with prompt and recast- is more effective on efl learners’ writing accuracy. in order to homogenize the participants in term of language proficiency a preliminary english test (pet) was administrated between 74 intermediate students ...