Do regime change and market reform disrupt patterns of intergenerational mobility? China's political trajectory is distinctive from that of other communist regimes in two ways. During its first three decades, the regime enforced unusually restrictive barriers to elite status inheritance. And during the subsequent market transition, unlike most of its counterparts, the Communist Party survived i...

This study of workers' altitudes compares data from International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) surveys for former commuiiisi countries in Europe with ISSP data for Western countries over the period 1987-93, which covers the beginning of the transition to a market economy for the former communist countries. Omsistent with their hypothesis that communist-run economies left an altiiiidinal "lega...

this paper has investigated the impacts of modernism on women and consequently the family in russia today. to this aim we have studied the history of the women presence in russian society and the family condition in russia before entrance of the modernity. then, the effects of the social reforms at nineteenth and twentieth have been studied on women and russian family. the entrance of modernism...

in this article , firstly a brief survey of iranian-british official political relations are considered . then , it would be studied cultural relations of two countries in the qajar era .role of the english in these relations are evaluated in sections . first , actors of the relations are noted i four groups in  cluding diplomats , military forces , tourists and other scholars and researchers ....

The post-Cold War era is witnessing more European nations joining the European Union (EU). This influx of new members necessitates, inter alia, a re-examination of the policies that guide their integration into the common European Research Area (ERA). The basic premise of these policies is—or should be—axiomatic for Europe’s further development: the continent cannot afford scientific illiteracy...

the purpose of this article is to deal with causes and trends of china and latin america foreign policy in hu jintao era. before hu presidency, china had more tendency to promoting relations with the west, but during this period (hu’s era) third world countries like africa and latin america countries gained their precedent positions in china foreign policy. the main question raised here, is “wh...