Fertility is being determined by the actual bearing of children and or the demand for children. It is a measure of rate at which population increases to itself by relating number of births to size of some selection of population such as number of married couples or number of women of child bearing age [1-3]. Fertility is high in Bangladesh even by the principles of developing countries. The red...

Many countries across Europe and elsewhere have been experimenting with various structured approaches to manage patients with chronic illness as a way to improve quality of care, reduce costs and lead to better population health outcomes in the long run. Despite a body of studies of disease management interventions, uncertainty about the effects of these remains not least because current guidan...

Height is the joint product of genetic and environmental influences, and is an important marker of nutritional status and health in early life. While height steadily increased throughout the 20 century as living standards improved, socio-economic inequalities in height persisted in many populations (whereby individuals from more socio-economically deprived backgrounds were, on average, shorter)...

purpose: to determine prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors in elderly population of yazd, iran. methods: this is a cross-sectional population-based survey performed between 2010 and 2011. the participants were among the subjects aged from 40 to 80 years old. the samples were selected from urban and rural inhabitants using multi-stage random cluster sampling design. all partici...

alzheimer's disease (ad) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease and late-onset type (load) is the most common form of dementia affecting people over 65 years old. calhm1 (p86l) encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that controls cytosolic ca2+ concentrations and aß levels and p86l polymorphism in this gene is significantly associated with load in independent case controls in a ...

late-onset alzheimer's disease (load) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia affecting people over 65 years old. alzheimer’s disease is a complex disease with multi-factorial etiology. inflammation has been approved to have an important role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (ad). tnf-a is a main pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an essential role in in...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of the refractive errors in the elderly population of sari, iran methods : in this study, after selecting the participants through random cluster sampling, they all received ocular examinations including visual acuity (va) measurement, refraction, fundoscopy and tonometry. after measuring uncorrected visual acuity (ucva), non-cycloplegic refraction was perf...