This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic instability and private investment of the Iranian economy. The study uses a trivariate VAR(2)-GARCH(1,1)-in-Mean with diagonal BEKK approach to proxied inflation and exchange rate uncertainties as the main indicators of macroeconomic instability. Moreover, Bounds testing approach to level relationship applied to investigate the long...

there are two main reasons for studying investment in an economy. first, the combination of firms? investment demand and household?s saving supply determines how much of an economys? resoures is invested. second, investment is highly volatile; thus investment demand may be important in the short-run fluctuations. the present article examins the relationship and veracity of existence of banks pr...

Government spending is categorized into consumption spending and capital spending. Three categories of private consumption are used: food consumption, nonfood consumption, and services consumption. The estimated model indicates substitution effects of government consumption spending on budget shares of private nonfood consumption and of government capital spending on budget share of private foo...

Private healthcare services in Vietnam are seen as a major part of the solution to the rapid increase in need and demand for healthcare services. Formally recognized over 20 years ago, the private health services coexist with public services and are available all over the country. However, the scale and size of private sector is still small compared to the public sector and public acceptance an...

this study is intended to investigate the level of public-private cooperation in the process of agricultural development from the view point of potential investors and producers. to achieve this objective we used an adjusted jensen model as a conceptual framework for cooperation. in this process mutual responsibilities is provided to reveal different dimensions of strategic cooperation between ...