atherosclerosis has serious role in coronary arteries disease,so it is important to establish effective strategies for prevention or even treatment of atherosclerosis. adiponectin, as one of the most abundant adipokines, has insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. disturbed adiponectin actions through its receptor, (adipor1 and adipor2) may be involved in atheros...

introduction: the brain glutamate neurotransmitter system and its nmda receptors in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in the incidence of the phenomena of sensitivity and addiction. the present study examined the inhibitory effect of glutamate nmda receptors in the nucleus accumbens in response to chronic stress. methods: after the unilateral and bilateral cannula placement in the nu...

neuroendocrine tumors (nets) constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms including carcinoids, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pituitary tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma and phaeochromocytomas. the symptoms and the outcome of nets differ considerably between patients depending on several factors. by labelling tracers with a radioisotope, the tracer acts as a carrier to deliver the radioa...

This review brings up to date material on the pulm'J:iary receptors with vagal afferent fibers. The­re a:·e essentially three typs of pulmonary receptors, 1) pulmonary stretch receptors, 2) irritant receptors, 3) type J pulmonary receptors. Their location, natu- 1 al stimulus, excitatory stimulus, reflex effects ancl their responses to chemical substances for three kind of recptas a,e discussed...

Background: Infertility is defined as inability to achive pregnancy after one year of unprotected regular intercourse.it has been reported that about 10-15% of young couples suffer from infertility. There is evidence that antioxidants improve the fertility rate. Prunus cerasus contains strong antioxidant activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate Prunus cerasus effects on expression of prog...

meningiomas are slow-growing neoplasms which recur locally, their morphologic grading is simple but do not always correlate with patient outcome. the aim of present study is to evaluate the status of progesterone receptor (pr) and proliferation marker ki67 in various grades of meningioma in a group of iranian patients. 78 cases of meningioma were selected from the file of a hospital university....

introduction: in this study, the effect of memantine administration into the nucleus accumbens on the metabolic changes induced by acute stress in female mice was evaluated. methods: intra-accumbens unilateral or bilateral canulation was performed. one week after recovery, a group of animals were given memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/mouse) five min before stress induction intra-accumbally, and t...

introduction: dopamine plays an important role in the central nervous system for modulating food intake. dopamine receptors are distributed within the hypothalamus, and expression of d1 receptors is significant in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (pvn). therefore, the aim of this study was to find if pvn-microinjected skf38393, d1 receptor agonist, may modulate food intake. methods: guide c...

p2x7 receptors are purineric receptors that are extracellular atp-gated ion channel. these receptors require high dose or prolonged exposure to atp for initial activation. the activation of these receptors facilitates the formation of inflammasome which activates caspase 1. the p20 and p10 subunits of caspase 1 form active enzyme that then releases active interleukin (il)-1 β and il-18, tumor n...