Conclusions: The effects of new outdoor tobacco advertising restrictions vary by location and population density. InMissouri andNewYork, outdoor tobacco advertising would still be permitted in many locations if such advertising was prohibited in a 1000-foot buffer zone around schools and playgrounds. Much smaller buffer zones of 350 feet may result in almost no reduction of outdoor advertising ...

Abstract: The economic dispatch problem of a virtual power plant (VPP) is becoming non-convex for distributed generators’ characteristics of valve-point loading effects, prohibited operating zones, and multiple fuel options. In this paper, the economic dispatch model of VPP is established and then solved by a distributed randomized gradient-free algorithm. To deal with the non-smooth objective ...

Thispaper presents a deterministic model, which takes into account the final water storage and the effects of water head, for optimal short term generation scheduling of a hydrothermal system. Considering its large scale mixed integer nonlinear structure, a hybrid algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm and tabu search is developed to solve it. The model is divided into thermal power dispatch and ...

In practice, obtaining the global optimum for the economic dispatch {bf (ED)}problem with ramp rate limits and prohibited operating zones is presents difficulties. This paper presents a new andefficient method for solving the economic dispatch problem with non-smooth cost functions using aFuzzy Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (FAGA). The proposed algorithm  deals  with the issue ofcontrolling the ex...

nowadays, economic load dispatch between generation units with least cost involved is one of the most important issues in utilizing power systems. in this paper, a new method i.e. water cycle algorithm (wca) which is similar to other intelligent algorithm and is based on swarm, is employed in order to solve the economic load dispatch problem between power plants. wca is used to solve complicate...

In Kenya, free zones take the form of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and Export Processing (EPZs) are offered a myriad fiscal non-fiscal incentives. At same time, as member World Trade Organization (WTO), is signatory to Agreement on Subsidies Countervailing Measures (ASCM), which prohibits subsidies that contingent export performance or use domestic over imported products. Although not mentione...

The effectiveness of marine protected areas depends largely on whether people comply with the rules. We quantified temporal changes in benthic composition, reef fish biomass, and fishing effort among marine park zones (including no-take areas) to assess levels of compliance following the 2005 rezoning of the government-controlled Karimunjawa National Park (KNP), Indonesia. Four years after the ...

We describe a new class of scattering matrices for quantum graphs in which backscattering is prohibited. We discuss some properties of quantum graphs with these scattering matrices and explain the advantages and interest in their study. We also provide two methods to build the vertex scattering matrices needed for their construction.